editor - VIBE score

Archetypes

What is it? Why did we make it? How to get the most out of it.

After we build the VIBE score we wanted to tune it by putting in some of the best articles on the internet. 

With this tuning I wanted to see if certain articles have a specific component pattern to them. One component is always high, and others lower?

It turns out yes. Articles have component patterns.
And the more we tested, the more we saw the patterns.

We call them archetypes.

Below are all the archetype patterns you'll see inside of Penfriend. Upon seeing the pattern of your article we label your content and score to see how well you fit the pattern.

In the future you'll be able to select a pattern, and then see where you're lacking, and what you can do about that.

How to Use This Guide

Each archetype follows the same structure:

What It Is - Core definition and purpose
The Shape - Visual pattern of high/low component scores
Must-Have Components - The 3 components you MUST nail (≥80%)
High-Weight Components - What the scoring system values most
Avoid Zones - Components that dilute this archetype's identity
Hallmarks of Excellence - What makes a great example
Real-World Examples - 3-5 links to study

Quick Reference: Archetype Shapes at a Glance

ArchetypeTop 3 Must-HavesHighest Weight ComponentsAvoid
Personal BloggerSelf-Reference, Vulnerability, Emotional GranularitySelf-Ref (18x), Emotional (15x), Vulnerability (12x)Evidence, Data
Personal EssayistAnecdotal Complexity, Sentence BurstinessAnecdotal (15x), Emotional (12x), Pacing (10x)Evidence, Data
StorytellerAnecdotal, Dialogue, SensoryAnecdotal (18x), Dialogue (12x), Sensory (10x)Evidence, Method
Mentor/GuideVoice of Experience, Advice, Self-ReferenceVoice (15x), Anecdotal (12x), Advice (10x)External Evidence
Thought LeaderPerspective, Anecdotal, AdvicePerspective (12x), Anecdotal (12x), Advice (8x)Vulnerability, Heavy Self-Ref
DebaterPerspective, Stance, RhetoricalPerspective (15x), Stance (12x), Rhetorical (10x)Vulnerability, Sensory
Opinion WriterStance, Explicitness, ClarityStance (15x), Explicit (12x), Clarity (12x)Perspective Balance
SatiristRhetorical, Polarity, AnecdotalAnecdotal (12x), Rhetorical (12x), Polarity (12x)Method, Data
Critical AnalystClarity, Limitation Awareness, EvidenceClarity (12x), Perspective (10x), Limitation (10x)Self-Ref, Vulnerability
How-To ArticleAdvice, Method, SkimmabilitySkimmability (15x), Advice (15x), Method (12x)Vulnerability, Emotion
Instructional GuideMethod, Skimmability, FlowSkimmability (20x), Flow (18x), Method (18x)All Personality
Research DocumentEvidence, Method, AuthorityEvidence (18x), Method (15x), Authority (12x)All Personality
Business AnalysisStatistical, Clarity, FlowStatistical (15x), Clarity (10x), Flow (12x)Self-Ref, Vulnerability
Case StudyMethod, Anecdotal, StatisticalMethod (12x), Anecdotal (10x), Statistical (10x)Vulnerability
Product ReviewClarity, Voice of Experience, SensoryClarity (12x), Voice (12x), Sensory (12x)Evidence, Data
News ArticleEvidence, Authority, FlowEvidence (15x), Authority (12x), Flow (15x)Self-Ref, Opinion
InterviewDialogue, AnecdotalDialogue (20x), Anecdotal (15x), Voice (8x)Method, Data
Inspirational PostEmotional, Polarity, AdviceEmotional (15x), Anecdotal (10x), Advice (10x)Evidence, Method

Personal Blogger

What It Is

Raw, diary-like writing where you process your experience in real-time. This is "here's what happened to me and how I feel about it"—unpolished authenticity over performance. Think journal entries that happen to be public.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Self-Reference: Constant "I/me/my" presence
  • Vulnerability Markers: Admitting mistakes, fears, uncertainties
  • Emotional Granularity: Specific feeling words (anxious, relieved, conflicted)
  • Polarity: Emotional range from highs to lows

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Anecdotal Complexity: Stories are present but may be simple
  • Clarity: Clear enough, not overly crafted
  • Empathy: Some acknowledgment of readers

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • External Evidence: No citations needed
  • Statistical Evidence: No data required
  • Method Transparency: Not systematic
  • Authority Signals: No credentials invoked

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Self-Reference - Own every sentence. This is YOUR story.
  2. Vulnerability Markers - Show the messy parts near "I/we"
  3. Emotional Granularity - Name specific feelings, vary them

High-Weight Components

The scoring system values:

  • Self-Reference (18x weight) - Dominates everything
  • Emotional Granularity (15x) - Second pillar
  • Vulnerability Markers (12x) - Third pillar
  • Anecdotal Complexity (8x) - Stories matter, but less

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 30% on:

  • External Evidence - Don't cite studies
  • Statistical Evidence - Don't lean on data

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Vulnerability feels SPECIFIC ("I checked my phone 47 times") not generic ("I was worried")
✓ Emotions are named precisely (not just happy/sad but wistful, antsy, vindicated)
✓ You can feel the person discovering insights as they write
✓ No pretense of having it figured out
✓ Stories are personal first, universal second

Real-World Examples

  1. Anne Lamott on grief and faith
  2. Cheryl Strayed's Dear Sugar columns
  3. Paul Kalanithi's blog posts (pre-book)
  4. Jenny Lawson (The Bloggess) on mental health
  5. Heather Havrilesky's Ask Polly


Personal Essayist

What It Is

Reflective, literary writing that transforms personal experience into something larger. You're not just telling what happened—you're crafting a meditation. Think Joan Didion, not a diary entry.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Anecdotal Complexity: Rich narrative structure with cause→effect
  • Sentence Burstiness: Varied rhythms, long and short
  • Pacing Entropy: Unpredictable flow keeps attention
  • Emotional Granularity: Nuanced feeling words

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Self-Reference: Present but not overwhelming
  • Perspective: Some angles considered
  • Novelty: Precise word choices
  • Sensory Experience: Some imagery

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • External Evidence: Minimal citations
  • Statistical Evidence: No data heavy lifting
  • Method Transparency: Not instructional

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Anecdotal Complexity - Stories with causal depth and time anchors
  2. Sentence Burstiness - Musical prose, varied lengths

High-Weight Components

  • Anecdotal Complexity (15x) - The spine
  • Emotional Granularity (12x) - The heart
  • Pacing Entropy (10x) - The rhythm
  • Self-Reference (8x) - The lens

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 35% on:

  • External Evidence - This isn't research
  • Statistical Evidence - No data dumps

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Prose has rhythm—you can hear the sentences
✓ Anecdotes aren't just "what happened" but "why it mattered"
✓ Emotional complexity (not just one feeling, but contradictory ones)
✓ Personal experience illuminates something universal
✓ Reads like literature, not journalism

Real-World Examples

  1. Joan Didion - "Goodbye to All That"
  2. Leslie Jamison - "The Empathy Exams"
  3. Zadie Smith - "Joy"
  4. Ta-Nehisi Coates - "The Case for Reparations"
  5. Rebecca Solnit - "Men Explain Things to Me"


Storyteller

What It Is

Narrative-driven writing where vivid scenes, dialogue, and sensory details do the work. Show, don't tell. Think This American Life or a short story, not an essay.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Anecdotal Complexity: Strong narrative arc
  • Dialogue Presence: Quoted speech brings scenes alive
  • Sensory Experience: Readers see/hear/feel/taste/smell
  • Pacing Entropy: Rhythmic variation keeps engagement

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Emotional Granularity: Shown through scene, not stated
  • Polarity: Emotional range through story beats
  • Rhetorical Devices: Some craft elements

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • External Evidence: No citations
  • Method Transparency: Not instructional
  • Statistical Evidence: No data

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Anecdotal Complexity - Strong cause→effect narrative structure
  2. Dialogue Presence - Characters speak (≥10 char quotes)
  3. Sensory Experience - Vivid, grounded details

High-Weight Components

  • Anecdotal Complexity (18x) - The foundation
  • Dialogue Presence (12x) - Brings it alive
  • Sensory Experience (10x) - Makes it real
  • Pacing Entropy (8x) - The rhythm

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 30% on:

  • External Evidence - Let the story do the work
  • Method Transparency - This isn't how-to

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Scenes unfold in real-time with dialogue
✓ Sensory details are specific and grounded
✓ Reader experiences the story vs. hearing about it
✓ Characters (even if just you) have voices
✓ Narrative structure with setup→tension→resolution

Real-World Examples

  1. David Sedaris - "Me Talk Pretty One Day"
  2. Ira Glass / This American Life - "Harper High School"
  3. Jon Mooallem - "The Wreck of the Kulluk"
  4. Malcolm Gladwell - "The Ketchup Conundrum"
  5. Susan Orlean - "Lifelike"

Mentor/Guide

What It Is

First-hand wisdom delivered in an accessible, personal way. "I've been where you are, and here's what I learned." Authority comes from experience, not credentials.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Voice of Experience: First-person + action verbs + time anchors
  • Advice Strength: Clear directives and imperatives
  • Self-Reference: Consistent "I/we" presence
  • Anecdotal Complexity: Stories that teach

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Perspective: Some angles considered
  • Clarity: Clear evaluative language
  • Skimmability: Scannable structure

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • External Evidence: Light on citations
  • Statistical Evidence: Minimal data
  • Vulnerability Markers: Not overly confessional

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Voice of Experience - "I did this, I learned that"
  2. Advice Strength - Clear, confident directives
  3. Self-Reference - Own your lessons

High-Weight Components

  • Voice of Experience (15x) - The core credential
  • Anecdotal Complexity (12x) - Stories that teach
  • Advice Strength (10x) - What to do
  • Self-Reference (10x) - Personal authority

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 40% on:

  • External Evidence - Trust is personal, not cited

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Advice feels earned through battle scars
✓ Stories show the lesson in action
✓ Tone is warm but confident
✓ Clear "do this, not that" moments
✓ Reader feels guided, not lectured

Real-World Examples

  1. Paul Graham - "Do Things That Don't Scale"
  2. Derek Sivers - "Hell Yeah or No"
  3. Austin Kleon - "Steal Like an Artist"
  4. Tim Urban - "The Tail End"
  5. Naval Ravikant - "How to Get Rich"

Thought Leader

What It Is

Big idea → curated stories → actionable insight. You synthesize patterns others miss and make them practical. Think James Clear, Seth Godin, or Adam Grant.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Perspective: Multiple angles, connectives (however, yet, meanwhile)
  • Anecdotal Complexity: Strategic stories that illustrate ideas
  • Advice Strength: Clear takeaways
  • Stance: Balanced hedges + boosters

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Clarity: Evaluative language
  • External Evidence: Some citations
  • Voice of Experience: Some first-hand elements
  • Skimmability: Scannable

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Vulnerability Markers: Not confessional
  • Self-Reference: Present but restrained
  • Emotional Granularity: Ideas over feelings

Must-Have Components (≥75%)

  1. Perspective - Show multiple angles, use connectives
  2. Anecdotal Complexity - Stories serve the idea
  3. Advice Strength - Make it actionable

High-Weight Components

  • Perspective (12x) - The signature move
  • Anecdotal Complexity (12x) - Ideas need stories
  • Advice Strength (8x) - Ideas need action
  • Clarity (7x) - Ideas need precision

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 30% on:

  • Vulnerability Markers - Not about your wounds
  • Keep Self-Reference UNDER 60% - It's about the idea, not you

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ You see a pattern others missed
✓ Stories illustrate but don't overwhelm
✓ Multiple perspectives are steel-manned
✓ Clear "so what should you do?" moments
✓ Feels like synthesis, not just opinion

Real-World Examples

  1. James Clear - "The Helsinki Bus Station Theory"
  2. Seth Godin - "The Dip"
  3. Adam Grant - "Give and Take"
  4. Cal Newport - "Deep Work"
  5. Simon Sinek - "Start With Why"

Debater

What It Is

Argumentative, multi-sided writing that steel-mans opposing views before making your case. You're not just stating your position—you're showing why other positions fall short.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Perspective: Rich use of "however, yet, although, conversely"
  • Stance: Balanced hedges + strong boosters
  • Rhetorical Devices: Questions, imperatives, punchy lines
  • Clarity: Precise evaluative language

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • External Evidence: Some citations
  • Statistical Evidence: Some data
  • Flow Consistency: Logical progression

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Vulnerability Markers: Not confessional
  • Sensory Experience: Not scene-based
  • Emotional Granularity: Logic over emotion

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Perspective - Multiple viewpoints explored thoroughly
  2. Stance - Clear position with nuance
  3. Rhetorical Devices - Persuasive craft

High-Weight Components

  • Perspective (15x) - The foundation
  • Stance (12x) - Your position with nuance
  • Rhetorical Devices (10x) - The persuasive tools
  • Clarity (8x) - Precision matters

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 30% on:

  • Vulnerability Markers - Argument isn't confession
  • Sensory Experience - Logic over scene

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Opposing views are steel-manned (best version stated)
✓ Counter-arguments are addressed directly
✓ Rhetorical questions guide thinking
✓ Tone is firm but fair
✓ Reader can follow the logical chain

Real-World Examples

  1. Christopher Hitchens - "Letters to a Young Contrarian"
  2. Ta-Nehisi Coates - "The Case for Reparations"
  3. Sam Harris - "Free Will" arguments
  4. Bryan Caplan - "The Case Against Education"
  5. Scott Alexander - "Meditations on Moloch"

Opinion Writer

What It Is

Strong stance, clear judgment, unapologetic. You take a side and defend it. Think op-ed columnists who don't hedge—they declare.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Stance: More boosters than hedges, confident assertions
  • Explicitness: Clear "I think, I argue, personally"
  • Clarity: Direct evaluative language
  • Polarity: Emotional conviction (positive OR negative)

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Rhetorical Devices: Some persuasive craft
  • Self-Reference: Personal but not vulnerable
  • External Evidence: Some support

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Perspective: Not exploring all sides
  • Empathy: Not coddling opposing views
  • Vulnerability Markers: No confession

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Stance - Confident assertions dominate
  2. Explicitness - Own your position clearly
  3. Clarity - Make your judgment crystal clear

High-Weight Components

  • Stance (15x) - The signature
  • Explicitness (12x) - Own it
  • Clarity (12x) - No ambiguity
  • Polarity (10x) - Emotional conviction

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 55% on:

  • Perspective - Don't over-explore other sides

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Position is stated early and clearly
✓ No excessive hedging ("clearly," "obviously" used)
✓ Judgment is explicit and evaluative
✓ Tone is confident, not apologetic
✓ Reader knows exactly where you stand

Real-World Examples

  1. Maureen Dowd - NYT Opinion
  2. Ross Douthat - Conservative Opinion
  3. Ezra Klein - Policy Opinion
  4. Michelle Goldberg - Progressive Opinion
  5. David Brooks - "The Road to Character"

Satirist

What It Is

Clever, ironic writing that uses story, rhetoric, and humor to critique. You're making a point through exaggeration, irony, or absurdity.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Rhetorical Devices: Questions, imperatives, punchy lines
  • Polarity: Emotional range for effect
  • Anecdotal Complexity: Stories with a twist
  • Novelty: Unexpected word choices

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Pacing Entropy: Rhythmic variation
  • Perspective: Implied critique
  • Idiomatic Expressions: Colorful language

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Method Transparency: Not instructional
  • Statistical Evidence: Not data-heavy
  • Vulnerability Markers: Wit over confession

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Rhetorical Devices - Craft is essential
  2. Polarity - Emotional range for punch
  3. Anecdotal Complexity - Stories with ironic twist

High-Weight Components

  • Anecdotal Complexity (12x) - Stories drive satire
  • Rhetorical Devices (12x) - The delivery mechanism
  • Polarity (12x) - Emotional punch
  • Novelty (8x) - Unexpected language

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 30% on:

  • Method Transparency - Satire isn't tutorial
  • Statistical Evidence - Wit over data

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Point is made through exaggeration or irony
✓ Humor has an edge (not just jokes)
✓ Reader laughs AND thinks
✓ Critique is implied, not stated
✓ Tone walks the line between playful and cutting

Real-World Examples

  1. The Onion - "Study Finds..."
  2. David Sedaris - satirical essays
  3. Jon Stewart / Daily Show - political satire
  4. Fran Lebowitz - "Metropolitan Life"
  5. Andy Borowitz - satire columns

Critical Analyst

What It Is

Evaluative, evidence-backed assessment that's fair but rigorous. You're judging quality/merit/effectiveness with documented reasoning.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Clarity: Precise evaluative language
  • Perspective: Balanced consideration of angles
  • Limitation Awareness: Trade-offs and boundaries stated
  • External Evidence: Citations present
  • Statistical Evidence: Data supports claims

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Stance: Some hedges and boosters
  • Flow Consistency: Logical progression
  • Skimmability: Structured clearly

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Self-Reference: Minimal personal presence
  • Vulnerability Markers: Not confessional
  • Sensory Experience: Not scene-based

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Clarity - Precise evaluative language
  2. Limitation Awareness - Trade-offs explicitly stated
  3. External Evidence - Claims are supported

High-Weight Components

  • Clarity (12x) - Precision is everything
  • Perspective (10x) - Balanced angles
  • Limitation Awareness (10x) - Honest boundaries
  • External Evidence (8x) - Verifiable support
  • Statistical Evidence (8x) - Quantitative backing

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 40% on:

  • Self-Reference - It's about the subject, not you
  • Vulnerability Markers - Analysis isn't confession

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Evaluation is rigorous but fair
✓ Trade-offs are made explicit
✓ Claims are backed by evidence
✓ Both strengths and weaknesses shown
✓ Reader trusts your judgment

Real-World Examples

  1. Ben Thompson - Stratechery analysis
  2. Matt Levine - Money Stuff (Bloomberg)
  3. The Wirecutter - Product Reviews
  4. Ars Technica - Tech Analysis
  5. FiveThirtyEight - Data Journalism

How-To Article

What It Is

Clear steps from A to B. Practical, scannable guidance focused on helping readers accomplish something specific.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Advice Strength: Clear imperatives and directives
  • Method Transparency: Steps, process, criteria visible
  • Skimmability: Headers, lists, structure
  • Flow Consistency: Logical progression

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Clarity: Direct language
  • Voice of Experience: Some "I did this" elements
  • Anecdotal Complexity: Examples to illustrate

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Vulnerability Markers: Not confessional
  • Emotional Granularity: Task over feelings
  • External Evidence: Light on citations

Must-Have Components (≥80%)
  1. Advice Strength - Clear "do this" directives
  2. Method Transparency - Steps are explicit
  3. Skimmability - Easy to scan and follow

High-Weight Components
  • Skimmability (15x) - Structure is king
  • Advice Strength (15x) - Clear directives
  • Method Transparency (12x) - Transparent process
  • Flow Consistency (12x) - Logical order

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 30% on:

  • Vulnerability Markers - Not about your feelings
  • Emotional Granularity - Task-focused

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Steps are numbered or clearly sequenced
✓ Each step is actionable and specific
✓ Reader can follow without guessing
✓ Headers make scanning easy
✓ Examples clarify complex steps

Real-World Examples
  1. Serious Eats - Recipe Guides
  2. The Wirecutter - How to Choose...
  3. Atomic Habits - Habit Formation Guide
  4. Getting Things Done - Productivity System
  5. Tim Ferriss - 4-Hour Workweek Protocols

Instructional Guide

What It Is

Systematic, structured documentation with low personality. Think technical docs, onboarding guides, or reference manuals.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Method Transparency: Every detail visible
  • Skimmability: Heavy structure (headers, lists, tables)
  • Flow Consistency: Predictable, stable difficulty
  • Lexical Rhythm: Steady, breathable pace

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Advice Strength: Clear but not forceful
  • Clarity: Precise language
  • External Evidence: References where needed

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Self-Reference: Minimal personal presence
  • Vulnerability Markers: No emotion
  • Emotional Granularity: No feelings
  • Idiomatic Expressions: No color

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Method Transparency - Complete procedural detail
  2. Skimmability - Maximum structure
  3. Flow Consistency - Stable cognitive load

High-Weight Components

  • Skimmability (20x) - Structure dominates
  • Flow Consistency (18x) - Predictability is key
  • Method Transparency (18x) - Complete transparency
  • Advice Strength (10x) - Clear guidance

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 35% on:

  • Self-Reference - This isn't about you
  • Vulnerability Markers - No personality
  • Emotional Granularity - No emotion

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Zero ambiguity in steps
✓ Headers make everything scannable
✓ Difficulty stays consistent
✓ Can be used as reference (not just read once)
✓ No personality distracts from information

Real-World Examples

  1. Stripe API Documentation
  2. Django Documentation
  3. AWS Technical Guides
  4. MDN Web Docs
  5. IKEA Assembly Instructions

Research Document

What It Is

Academic, rigorous, citation-heavy writing designed for peer review or scholarly consumption. Evidence and method are paramount.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • External Evidence: Heavy citations
  • Method Transparency: Detailed methodology
  • Authority Signals: Credentials, institutions, standards
  • Statistical Evidence: Data with context

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Limitation Awareness: Scope and boundaries clear
  • Flow Consistency: Logical progression
  • Skimmability: Structured with headers

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Self-Reference: Minimal "I"
  • Vulnerability Markers: No emotion
  • Emotional Granularity: No feelings
  • Idiomatic Expressions: Formal language only

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. External Evidence - Rich citations
  2. Method Transparency - Methodology explicit
  3. Authority Signals - Credentials matter

High-Weight Components

  • External Evidence (18x) - Citations are core
  • Method Transparency (15x) - Method is visible
  • Authority Signals (12x) - Credentials establish trust
  • Statistical Evidence (10x) - Data with rigor

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 25% on:

  • Self-Reference - Rarely "I"
  • Vulnerability Markers - No confession
  • Emotional Granularity - No emotion
  • Idiomatic Expressions - Formal only

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Every claim is cited or proven
✓ Methodology is fully transparent
✓ Limitations are explicitly stated
✓ Peer-reviewable rigor throughout
✓ Credentials establish authority

Real-World Examples

  1. Nature Journal Articles
  2. PLOS ONE Research
  3. The Lancet Studies
  4. NBER Working Papers
  5. arXiv Preprints

Business Analysis

What It Is

Data-driven, strategic evaluation where numbers tell the story. Think earnings reports, market analysis, or competitive assessments.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Statistical Evidence: Metrics with context
  • Clarity: Precise evaluative language
  • Flow Consistency: Logical progression
  • External Evidence: Industry sources
  • Skimmability: Charts, tables, structure

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Perspective: Some angle consideration
  • Authority Signals: Industry credentials
  • Method Transparency: Some methodology

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Self-Reference - Minimal personal presence
  • Vulnerability Markers - No emotion
  • Dialogue Presence - No quoted speech

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Statistical Evidence - Quantitative backbone
  2. Clarity - Precise language
  3. Flow Consistency - Logical structure

High-Weight Components

  • Statistical Evidence (15x) - Numbers lead
  • Clarity (10x) - Precision matters
  • Flow Consistency (12x) - Logic is key
  • Skimmability (10x) - Charts and structure

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 35% on:

  • Self-Reference - About the data, not you
  • Vulnerability Markers - Professional tone
  • Dialogue Presence - Quotes minimal

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Metrics have clear context (timeframe, baseline)
✓ Comparisons are rigorous
✓ Charts/tables enhance understanding
✓ Conclusions follow from data
✓ Strategic implications are clear

Real-World Examples

  1. Ben Thompson - Stratechery
  2. Benedict Evans - Tech Analysis
  3. Matt Levine - Bloomberg Money Stuff
  4. CB Insights - Market Research
  5. McKinsey Quarterly

Case Study

What It Is

Evidence-based narrative that shows real-world application of a method or principle. Story + rigor combined.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Method Transparency: Process is visible
  • Anecdotal Complexity: Rich narrative structure
  • Statistical Evidence: Results with data
  • External Evidence: Some citations

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Clarity: Clear language
  • Voice of Experience: Some first-hand elements
  • Flow Consistency: Logical progression
  • Skimmability: Structured

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Vulnerability Markers - Professional, not confessional
  • Emotional Granularity - Results over feelings

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Method Transparency - Process is explicit
  2. Anecdotal Complexity - Story has structure
  3. Statistical Evidence - Results are quantified

High-Weight Components

  • Method Transparency (12x) - How it was done
  • Anecdotal Complexity (10x) - The story spine
  • Statistical Evidence (10x) - Results matter
  • External Evidence (7x) - Context provided

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 35% on:

  • Vulnerability Markers - Professional tone

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Clear setup → intervention → results
✓ Method is replicable
✓ Results are quantified with context
✓ Limitations are acknowledged
✓ Reader can apply lessons elsewhere

Real-World Examples

  1. Harvard Business Review Case Studies
  2. Stanford Social Innovation Review
  3. MIT Sloan Management Review
  4. Shopify Case Studies
  5. Intercom Product Stories

Product Review

What It Is

Evaluative, sensory, first-hand testing. "I used it, here's what I found." Think Wirecutter or tech reviews.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Clarity: Clear evaluative language
  • Voice of Experience: "I tested this"
  • Sensory Experience: How it feels/looks/sounds
  • Self-Reference: Personal testing experience

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Anecdotal Complexity: Testing scenarios
  • Polarity: Emotional reactions
  • Skimmability: Pros/cons structure

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • External Evidence - Limited citations
  • Statistical Evidence - Minimal data
  • Method Transparency - Casual testing

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Clarity - Clear evaluation
  2. Voice of Experience - First-hand testing
  3. Sensory Experience - Vivid details

High-Weight Components

  • Clarity (12x) - Judgment is clear
  • Voice of Experience (12x) - Tested personally
  • Sensory Experience (12x) - Tangible details
  • Self-Reference (8x) - Personal lens

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 40% on:

  • External Evidence - Your experience matters more
  • Statistical Evidence - Not lab-tested

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Clear verdict (buy, skip, or wait)
✓ Sensory details (how it feels, sounds, looks)
✓ Real use cases tested
✓ Comparisons to alternatives
✓ Reader knows what to expect

Real-World Examples

  1. The Wirecutter Reviews
  2. Marques Brownlee - MKBHD
  3. Consumer Reports
  4. The Verge Reviews
  5. America's Test Kitchen

News Article

What It Is

Factual, structured reporting on who/what/when/where/why without opinion. Inverted pyramid style with citations.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • External Evidence: Multiple sources quoted
  • Authority Signals: Credentials cited
  • Flow Consistency: Logical structure
  • Skimmability: Clear structure

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Perspective: Multiple viewpoints
  • Clarity: Clear language
  • Anecdotal Complexity: Contextual stories

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Self-Reference - Reporter is invisible
  • Vulnerability Markers - No emotion
  • Emotional Granularity - Factual tone
  • Explicitness - No "I think"

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. External Evidence - Multiple sources
  2. Authority Signals - Credentials matter
  3. Flow Consistency - Structured clearly

High-Weight Components

  • External Evidence (15x) - Source-driven
  • Authority Signals (12x) - Credibility crucial
  • Flow Consistency (15x) - Clear structure
  • Skimmability (12x) - Scannable format

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 25% on:

  • Self-Reference - Reporter is invisible
  • Vulnerability Markers - No personal emotion
  • Emotional Granularity - Factual
  • Explicitness - No opinion

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Key facts in opening paragraph
✓ Multiple sources quoted
✓ No reporter opinion
✓ Credentials establish authority
✓ Inverted pyramid (most important first)

Real-World Examples

  1. The New York Times - News Section
  2. Associated Press Wire
  3. Reuters
  4. BBC News
  5. The Guardian - News

Interview

What It Is

Dialogue-driven piece where Q&A format brings out insight. Multi-voice conversation creates the value.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Dialogue Presence: Extensive quoted speech
  • Anecdotal Complexity: Stories emerge through conversation
  • Voice of Experience: Subject shares first-hand wisdom

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Emotional Granularity: Feelings surface
  • Perspective: Multiple angles through dialogue
  • Self-Reference: Subject uses "I"

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • Method Transparency - Conversational, not instructional
  • Statistical Evidence - Dialogue over data
  • External Evidence - Subject is the source

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Dialogue Presence - Extensive Q&A
  2. Anecdotal Complexity - Stories told

High-Weight Components

  • Dialogue Presence (20x) - The core format
  • Anecdotal Complexity (15x) - Stories emerge
  • Voice of Experience (8x) - Subject expertise
  • Emotional Granularity (8x) - Feelings surface

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 35% on:

  • Method Transparency - Not instructional
  • Statistical Evidence - Conversation over data

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Questions draw out insight
✓ Subject's voice comes through
✓ Stories emerge naturally
✓ Q&A format is clear
✓ Reader learns through conversation

Real-World Examples

  1. The Paris Review - Writers at Work
  2. Fresh Air - Terry Gross
  3. WTF with Marc Maron
  4. Tim Ferriss Show
  5. Ezra Klein Show

Inspirational Post

What It Is

Uplifting, emotionally resonant writing with actionable hope. "You can do this" energy backed by genuine emotion.

The Shape

High Scores (70-100%)

  • Emotional Granularity: Specific feeling words
  • Polarity: Emotional range (struggle → triumph)
  • Advice Strength: Clear encouragement and calls-to-action
  • Empathy: Acknowledgment of reader's situation

Mid Scores (40-70%)

  • Anecdotal Complexity: Inspirational stories
  • Rhetorical Devices: Motivational craft
  • Self-Reference: Relatable presence

Low Scores (0-40%)

  • External Evidence - Emotion over citations
  • Statistical Evidence - Heart over data
  • Method Transparency - Motivational, not instructional

Must-Have Components (≥80%)

  1. Emotional Granularity - Name specific feelings
  2. Polarity - Emotional journey
  3. Advice Strength - Clear encouragement

High-Weight Components

  • Emotional Granularity (15x) - Emotion is core
  • Anecdotal Complexity (10x) - Inspirational stories
  • Advice Strength (10x) - Actionable hope
  • Polarity (10x) - Emotional arc

Avoid Zones

Stay UNDER 35% on:

  • External Evidence - From the heart, not studies
  • Statistical Evidence - Emotion over data
  • Method Transparency - Not a system

Hallmarks of Excellence

✓ Reader feels seen and understood
✓ Emotion is genuine, not manipulative
✓ Clear "you can do this" moments
✓ Specific encouragement, not platitudes
✓ Leaves reader energized

Real-World Examples

  1. Brené Brown - Vulnerability Writing
  2. Elizabeth Gilbert - Big Magic
  3. Glennon Doyle - We Can Do Hard Things
  4. Rob Bell - Love Wins
  5. Maria Popova - The Marginalian

How to Choose Your Archetype

Start with your goal:

  • Sharing your experience? → Personal Blogger, Personal Essayist, or Storyteller
  • Teaching from experience? → Mentor/Guide or How-To Article
  • Making an argument? → Debater or Opinion Writer
  • Synthesizing ideas? → Thought Leader
  • Evaluating something? → Critical Analyst or Product Review
  • Documenting a method? → Case Study or Instructional Guide
  • Reporting facts? → News Article
  • Motivating readers? → Inspirational Post

Then check the discriminators:

  • Look at the "Must-Have Components" for your target archetype
  • Can you hit ≥80% on all three?
  • Are you comfortable with the "Avoid Zones"?
  • Does the high-weight component list match what you're naturally good at?

Finally, study the examples:

  • Read 2-3 examples from your target archetype
  • Notice the patterns in structure, tone, and approach
  • Identify what makes them work within that archetype

Final Notes

Remember: These archetypes are descriptive patterns, not prescriptive rules. The scoring system identifies what already exists in your writing—it doesn't dictate what you should write.

The best use: Write naturally, then analyze to see which archetype you're closest to. Use that insight to strengthen your natural pattern rather than forcing yourself into a foreign shape.

Cross-archetype writing: Some pieces blend archetypes (e.g., Thought Leader + Personal Essayist). That's fine—the system will identify your two primary archetypes and score accordingly.

VIBE score just dropped. Get +30% bonus credits for all of November!

 Get +50% bonus credits for all of September